1)Fill in the blanks:
(a) Cleaning of water is a process of removing pollutants .
(b) Wastewater released by houses is called sewage .
(c) Dried sludge is used as manure.
(d) Drains get blocked by cooking oil and fats.
2)What is sewage? Explain why it is harmful to discharge
untreated sewage into rivers or seas
untreated sewage into rivers or seas
ANSWER:- Sewage is a liquid waste. It consists of waste water from houses,
offices, factories, hostpitals
etc. It has a complex mixture containing suspended solids, organic and
inorganic impurities, nutrients, saprotrophic and disease causing bacteria and
other microbes.when sewage discharge untreated into rivers or seas, it will be
dangerous for aquatic plants and animals.
offices, factories, hostpitals
etc. It has a complex mixture containing suspended solids, organic and
inorganic impurities, nutrients, saprotrophic and disease causing bacteria and
other microbes.when sewage discharge untreated into rivers or seas, it will be
dangerous for aquatic plants and animals.
3)Why should oils and fats be not released in the drain? Explain.
ANSWER: – Oil and fats should not be released in the drain because
they can harden and block the pipes.
they can harden and block the pipes.
4) Describe the steps involved in getting clarified water from wastewater.
ANSWER: – Steps involved in getting clarified water from
wastewater:
wastewater:
(i) Wastewater is shaken well and left to stand in the sun for some days.
(ii) After that, it is stir several times using an aerator or mechanical
stirrer or a mixer which remove bad odour from
water.
stirrer or a mixer which remove bad odour from
water.
(iii) The stirred product is then filtered and sediment to remove insoluble waste.
(iv) Chlorination is used to kill the germs in filtered water. Now, the wastewater is fit for
drinking purpose.
drinking purpose.
5) What is sludge? Explain how it is treated.
ANSWER:-Solids waste like faeces settle at the bottom of tank during
sedimentation is called sludge. Sludge
is removed with a scraper and then transferred
to a separate tank where it is decomposed by the anaerobic bacteria
to produce biogas.
sedimentation is called sludge. Sludge
is removed with a scraper and then transferred
to a separate tank where it is decomposed by the anaerobic bacteria
to produce biogas.
6) Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain.
ANSWER: – Human excreta is home for many pathogens and disease causing
microbe.. If left untreated, it
will cause threat to public health. It can cause water pollution and soil pollution.
Both the surface water and groundwater get polluted. Thus, it becomes the most
common route for water borne diseases which include cholera, typhoid etc.
microbe.. If left untreated, it
will cause threat to public health. It can cause water pollution and soil pollution.
Both the surface water and groundwater get polluted. Thus, it becomes the most
common route for water borne diseases which include cholera, typhoid etc.
7)Name two chemicals used to disinfect water.
ANSWER:- Chemicals like chlorine and ozone are used to disinfect water.
8) Explain the function of bar screens in a wastewater treatment
plant.
plant.
ANSWER: – Bar screen in a wastewater treatment plant is used to remove the
large objects like rags, sticks
large objects like rags, sticks
9) Explain the relationship between sanitation and disease.
ANSWER: – Poor sanitation and contaminated drinking water is the cause of a
large number of diseases.
large number of diseases.
10) Outline your role as an active citizen in relation to
sanitation.
sanitation.
ANSWER:- (i) Contribute in maintaining sanitation at public places and
should not scatter litter anywhere.
should not scatter litter anywhere.
(ii) Throwing garbage or waste at its desired place.
(iii) Ensure that my surrounding and neighborhood is clean and
help the municipality in maintaining proper sanity.
help the municipality in maintaining proper sanity.
(iv) Preventing clogging of drains by not releasing oil and fat
and solid waste into the drain.
and solid waste into the drain.
12. Study the following statements about ozone:
(a) It is essential for breathing of living organisms.
(b) It is used to disinfect water.
(c) It absorbs ultraviolet rays.
(d) Its proportion in air is about 3%.
Which of these statements are correct?
(i) (a), (b) and (c)
(ii) (b) and (c)
(iii) (a) and (d)
(iv) All four
ANSWER: – b and c.