1) What are the
advantages of classifying organisms?
advantages of classifying organisms?
ANSWER:-The advantages of
classifying organisms:
classifying organisms:
i) It makes the study of
different kinds of organisms much easier.
different kinds of organisms much easier.
ii)It tells us about the
inter- relationship among the various organisms.
inter- relationship among the various organisms.
iii)It helps us
understanding the evolution of organisms.
understanding the evolution of organisms.
iv)It helps
environmentalists to develop new methods of conservation
of plants and animals.
environmentalists to develop new methods of conservation
of plants and animals.
2) How would you choose
between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in
classification?
between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in
classification?
ANSWER:-We choose that
characteristics which depends on the first characteristics and determines the
rest variety.
characteristics which depends on the first characteristics and determines the
rest variety.
3) Explain the basis for
grouping organisms into five kingdoms.
grouping organisms into five kingdoms.
ANSWER:-The
basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms is:
basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms is:
(i) Nature of the cells, i.e.,
either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
(ii) Number of cells, i.e.,
unicellular (a cell living singly) or multicellular (complex organisms).
unicellular (a cell living singly) or multicellular (complex organisms).
(in) Presence or absence of
cell wall.
cell wall.
(iv) Mode of nutrition,
i.e., whether they prepare their own food or get their food
i.e., whether they prepare their own food or get their food
from outside.
4) What are the major
divisions in the Plantae? What is
the basis for these divisions?
divisions in the Plantae? What is
the basis for these divisions?
ANSWER:-The major divisions
in Kingdom Plantae are:
in Kingdom Plantae are:
→Thallophyta
→ Bryophyta
→ Pteridophyta
→ Gymnosperms
→ Angiosperms
The following points
constitute the basis of these divisions:
constitute the basis of these divisions:
→ Whether the plant body has well differentiated,
distinct components.
distinct components.
→ whether the differentiated plant body has special
tissues for the transport of water and other substances.
tissues for the transport of water and other substances.
→ The ability to bear seeds.
→ Whether the seeds are enclosed within fruits.
5) How are the criteria
for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?
for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?
ANSWER:-The criteria
for deciding divisions in plants are the presence or absence of seeds and
flowers, differentiation of body parts, presence or absence of specialized
vascular tissues and nature of the seed. The
criteria for subdivisions among animals are the presence or absence of notochord
and coelom, position of nerve cord, gill slits, body segmentation, habitat and oviparity
or viviparity.
for deciding divisions in plants are the presence or absence of seeds and
flowers, differentiation of body parts, presence or absence of specialized
vascular tissues and nature of the seed. The
criteria for subdivisions among animals are the presence or absence of notochord
and coelom, position of nerve cord, gill slits, body segmentation, habitat and oviparity
or viviparity.
6)
Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.
Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.
ANSWER:-Animals in
Vertebrata are classified into five classes:
Vertebrata are classified into five classes:
(i) Class Pisces: This
class includes fish such as Scoliodon, tuna, rohu, shark, etc. These animals
mostly live in water. Hence, they have special adaptive features such as a
streamlined body, presence of a tail for
movement, gills, etc. to live in water.
class includes fish such as Scoliodon, tuna, rohu, shark, etc. These animals
mostly live in water. Hence, they have special adaptive features such as a
streamlined body, presence of a tail for
movement, gills, etc. to live in water.
(ii) Class Amphibia: It
includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. These animals have a dual mode of
life. In the larval stage, the respiratory organs are gills, but in the adult
stage, respiration occurs through the lungs or skin. They lay eggs in water.
includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. These animals have a dual mode of
life. In the larval stage, the respiratory organs are gills, but in the adult
stage, respiration occurs through the lungs or skin. They lay eggs in water.
(iii) Class Reptilia: It
includes reptiles such as lizards, snakes, turtles, etc. They usually creep or
crawl on land. The body of a reptile is covered with dry and cornified skin to
prevent water loss. They lay eggs on land.
includes reptiles such as lizards, snakes, turtles, etc. They usually creep or
crawl on land. The body of a reptile is covered with dry and cornified skin to
prevent water loss. They lay eggs on land.
(iv) Class Aves: It
includes all birds such as sparrow, pigeon, crow, etc. Most of them
have feathers. Their forelimbs are modified into wings for
flight, while hind limbs are modified for walking and clasping.
They lay eggs.
includes all birds such as sparrow, pigeon, crow, etc. Most of them
have feathers. Their forelimbs are modified into wings for
flight, while hind limbs are modified for walking and clasping.
They lay eggs.
(v) Class Mammalia: It
includes a variety of animals which have milk producing glands to nourish their
young ones. Some lay eggs and some give birth to young ones. Their skin has
hair as well as sweat glands to regulate their body temperature.
includes a variety of animals which have milk producing glands to nourish their
young ones. Some lay eggs and some give birth to young ones. Their skin has
hair as well as sweat glands to regulate their body temperature.