Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics.

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Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics

Exercise 3.1

1.Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as old as you will be.” (Isn’t this interesting?) Represent this situation algebraically and graphically.

Solution

Let the present age of Aftab be x  years and his daughter be y years then represent their ages 7years later and 3 years ago in term of x and y.

Therefore, 7 years ago, age of Aftab =(x−7)years and his daughter =(y−7)years.

x−7=7(y−7)

x−7=7y−49

x−7y−7+49=0

x−7y+42=0…………………………………..(1)

x 0 7
y 6 7

 

 

 

After 3 years from now, age of Aftab =(x+3) years and his daughter =(y+3) years.

x+3=3(y+3)

x+3=3y+9

x−3y+3−9=0

x−3y−6=0………………………………………(2)

x 0 6
y -2 0

 

 

 

Now by representing the equations in their intercept forms, we get

YOU ARE READING: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics.

2. The coach of a cricket team buys 3bats and 6 balls for ₹3900. Later, she buys another bat and 3more balls of the same kind for ₹ 1300. Represent this situation algebraically and geometrically.

Solution

Let the cost of one bat as ₹ x and the cost of one ball as ₹ y.

The cost of 3 bats and 6 balls is ₹ 3900.

3x+6y=3900

3(x+2y)=3900

x+2y=1300…………………………………(1)

x 100 300
y 600 500

 

 

 

Also, the cost of 1 bat and 3 balls is ₹ 1300.

x+3y=1300………………………………….(2)

x 100 700
y 600 300

 

 

 

Now by representing the equations in their intercept forms, we get

YOU ARE READING: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics.

3. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1kg of grapes on a day was found to be Rs.160. After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is Rs.300. Represent the situation algebraically and geometrically.

 Solutions:

Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be ‘Rs. x’ And, cost of 1 kg of grapes be ‘Rs. y’.

According to the question, the algebraic representation is

 2x+y=160……………………………..(1)

x 60 70
y 40 20

 

 

 

And

4x+2y=300……………………………..(2)

x 60 50
y 30 50

 

 

 

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

Exercise 3.2

1.Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their Solutions graphically.

(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.

(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost ₹ 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost ₹ 46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.

Solutions

(i) Let there be x number of girls and y number of boys. As per the given question, the algebraic expression can be represented as follows.

 x + y = 10…………………………..(1)

 x – y = 4………………………………(2)

Now, for x + y = 10 or x=10−y, the solutions are;

x 5 4 6
y 5 6 4

 

 

 

For x – y = 4 or x = 4 + y, the solutions are;

x 4 5 3
y 0 1 -1

 

 

 

It can be seen that the given lines cross each other at point (7, 3). Therefore, there are 7 girls and 3 boys in the class.

(ii) Let 1 pencil costs Rs.x and 1 pen costs Rs.y. According to the question, the algebraic expression can be represented as;

 5x + 7y = 50 ………………………………(1)

7x + 5y = 46………………………………..(2)

5x + 7y = 50 or x = (50 -7y)/5, the solutions are;

x 3 10 -4
y 5 0 10

 

 

 

7x + 5y = 46 or x =(46 – 5y)/7, the solutions are;

x 8 3 -2
y -2 5 12

 

 

 

it is can be seen that the given lines cross each other at point (3, 5). So, the cost of a eraser is 3/- and cost of a chocolate is 5/-

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

2. On comparing the ratios a1/a2 , b1/b2 and c1/c2, find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:

 (i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0

  7x + 6y – 9 = 0

 (ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0

  18x + 6y + 24 = 0

 (iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0

2x – y + 9 = 0

Solutions:

 Comparing these equations with 𝑎1x + 𝑏1y + 𝑐1=0 And

 𝑎2x + 𝑏2y + 𝑐2 = 0

(i)

𝑎1 = 5, 𝑏1 = −4, 𝑐1= 8

 𝑎2 = 7, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = −9

 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 5/ 7 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = − 4/ 6 = − 2/ 3 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = 8/ −9

Since, 𝑎1 /𝑎2 ≠ 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 So, the pairs of equations given in the question have a unique solution and the lines cross each other at exactly one point.

(ii) 𝑎1 = 9, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1= 12

      𝑎2 = 18, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = 24

𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 9 /18 = 1/ 2 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 3 /6 = 1 /2 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = 12 /24 = 1/ 2

Since, 𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 𝑏1 /𝑏2 = 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 So, the pairs of equations given in the question have infinite possible solutions and the lines are coincident.

(iii) 𝑎1 = 6, 𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐1= 10

𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = −1, 𝑐2 = 9

𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 6/ 2 = 3/ 1 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = −3/ −1 = 3/ 1 , 𝑐1 /𝑐2 = 10/ 9 Since, 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 ≠ 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 So, the pairs of equations given in the question are parallel to each other and the lines never intersect each other at any point and there is no possible solution for the given pair of equations.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

3. On comparing the ratios 𝒂𝟏/ 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒃𝟏/ 𝒃𝟐 , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝟏/ 𝒄𝟐 , find out whether the following pair of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent.

(i) 3x + 2y = 5 ; 2x – 3y = 7

(ii) 2x – 3y = 8 ; 4x – 6y = 9

(iii)𝟑 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟓 𝟑 𝒚 = 𝟕; 9x – 10y = 14

(iv) 5x – 3y = 11 ; – 10x + 6y = –22

(v) 𝟒 /𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖 ; 2x + 3y = 12

Solutions

(I)

𝑎1 = 3, 𝑏1 = 2, 𝑐1= -5

 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = −3, 𝑐2 = −7

 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 3 /2 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 2/ −3 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = −5/ −7 = 5/ 7

 Since, 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 ≠ 𝑏1/ 𝑏2

So, the given equations intersect each other at one point and they have only one possible solution. The equations are consistent.

(ii)

𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐1= -8

𝑎2 = 4, 𝑏2 = −6, 𝑐2 = −9

𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 2/ 4 = 1/ 2 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 3/ 6 = 1/ 2 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = 8 /9 Since, 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 ≠ 𝑐1 /𝑐2

So, the equations are parallel to each other and they have no possible solution.

 Hence, the equations are inconsistent.

(iii)

𝑎1 = 3/ 2 , 𝑏1 = 5/ 3 , 𝑐1= -7

 𝑎2 = 9, 𝑏2 = −10, 𝑐2 = 14

 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 32/ 9  , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 53/(−10) = − 1/ 2 , 𝑐1 /𝑐2 = −7/ 14 = − 1/ 2

Since, 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 ≠ 𝑏1/ 𝑏2

 So, the equations are intersecting each other at one point and they have only one possible solution. Hence, the equations are consistent.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(iv)

𝑎1 = 5, 𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐1= 11

 𝑎2 = −10, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = −22

 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 5 /−10 = − 1/ 2 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = −3/ 6 = − 1/ 2 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = 11/ −22 = − 1/ 2

 Since, 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 𝑐1/ 𝑐2

 These linear equations are coincident lines and have infinite number of possible solutions. Hence, the equations are consistent.

(v)

𝑎1 = 4/3 , 𝑏1 = 2, 𝑐1= 8

 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = 3, 𝑐2 = 12

 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 4 /3X2 = 2/ 3 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 2/ 3 , 𝑐1 /𝑐2 = 8/ 12 = 2/ 3

Since, 𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 𝑐1/ 𝑐2.

 These linear equations are coincident lines and have infinite number of possible solutions. Hence, the equations are consistent.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

4. Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the solution graphically:

(i) x + y = 5, 2x + 2y = 10

(ii) x – y = 8, 3x – 3y = 16

(iii) 2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0

(iv) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0, 4x – 4y – 5 = 0

Solutions

(I)

𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 1 /2 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 1/ 2 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = 5/ 10 = 1/ 2

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 𝑐1/ 𝑐2

∴ The equations are coincident and they have infinite number of possible solutions.

 So, the equations are consistent.

For, x + y = 5 or x = 5 – y

x 4 3 2
y 1 2 3

 

 

 

For 2x + 2y = 10

x 4 3 2
y 1 2 3

 

 

 

From the figure, we can see, that the lines are overlapping each other.

Therefore, the equations have infinite possible solutions.

(ii)

𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 1/ 3 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = −1/ −3 = 1/ 3 , 𝑐1 /𝑐2 = 8 /16 = 1/ 2

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 ≠ 𝑐1 /𝑐2

 The equations are parallel to each other and have no solutions.

 Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(iii)

a1/𝑎2 = 2/ 4 = 1/ 2 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 1/ −2 , 𝑐1 /𝑐2 = −6/ −4 = 3/ 2

 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑎1 /𝑎2 ≠ 𝑏1/ 𝑏2

 The given linear equations are intersecting each other at one point and have only one solution.

Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.

 Now, for 2x + y – 6 = 0 or y = 6 – 2x

x 0 1 2
y 0 4 2

 

 

 

And for 4x – 2y – 4 = 0

x 1 2 3
y 0 2 4

 

 

 

It can be seen that these lines are intersecting each other at only one point,(2,2).

(iv)

𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 2/ 4 = 1/ 2 , 𝑏1 /𝑏2 = −2/ −4 = 1/ 2 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = 2/ 5

 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 𝑏1 /𝑏2 ≠ 𝑐1/ 𝑐2

Thus, these linear equations have parallel and have no possible solutions.

Hence, the pair of linear equations are inconsistent.

5. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width, is 36 m. Find the dimensions of the garden.

 Solutions:

 Let us consider. The width of the garden is x and length is y.

 Now, according to the question,

we can express the given condition as;

 y – x = 4 and y + x = 36

Now, taking y – x = 4 or y = x + 4

x 0 8 12
y 4 12 16

 

 

 

For y + x = 36, y = 36 – x

x 0 36 36
y 36 0 20

 

 

 

the lines intersect each other at a point(16, 20).

 Hence, the width of the garden is 16 and length is 20.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

6. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:

 (i) Intersecting lines

 (ii) Parallel lines

 (iii) Coincident lines

Solutions:

(I)

To find another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is intersecting lines, it should satisfy below condition;

 𝑎1 /𝑎2 ≠ 𝑏1/ 𝑏2

 Thus, another equation could be 2x – 7y + 9 = 0,

such that; 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 2 /2 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏1 /𝑏2 = 3 /−7

 Clearly, you can see another equation satisfies the condition.

(ii)

To find another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is parallel lines, it should satisfy below condition;

𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 ≠ 𝑐1 /𝑐2

Thus, another equation could be 6x + 9y + 9 = 0,

 such that; 𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 2 /6 = 1/ 3 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 3 /9 = 1/ 3 , 𝑐1/ 𝑐2 = − 8/ 9

 Clearly, you can see another equation satisfies the condition.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(iii)

To find another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is coincident lines, it should satisfy below condition;

 𝑎1/ 𝑎2 = 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 𝑐1/ 𝑐2

Thus, another equation could be 4x + 6y – 16 = 0,

 such that; 𝑎1 /𝑎2 = 2/ 4 = 1/ 2 , 𝑏1/ 𝑏2 = 3/ 6 = 1/ 2 , 𝑐1 /𝑐2 = −8/ −16 = 1/ 2

 Clearly, you can see another equation satisfies the condition.

7. Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular region.

 Solution:

 Given, the equations for graphs are x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0.

 For, x – y + 1 = 0 or x = 1+y

x 0 1 2
y 1 2 3

For, 3x + 2y – 12 = 0

 

 

x 4 2 0
y 0 3 6

it can be seen that these lines are intersecting each other at point (2, 3) and x-axis at (−1, 0) and (4, 0).

 Therefore, the vertices of the triangle are (2, 3), (−1, 0), and (4, 0).

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 

Exercise 3.3

1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method

(i) x + y = 14

    x – y = 4

(ii) s – t = 3

    (s/3) + (t/2) = 6

(iii) 3x – y = 3

      9x – 3y = 9

(iv) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3

      0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3

(v) √2 x+√3 y = 0

     √3 x-√8 y = 0

(vi) (3x/2) – (5y/3) = -2

      (x/3) + (y/2) = (13/6)

Solutions:

 (i)

 From 1st equation, we get, x = 14 – y

 Now, substitute the value of x in second equation to get,

 (14 – y) – y = 4

14 – 2y = 4

 2y = 10 Or y = 5

 By the value of y, we can now find the exact value of x;

 ∵ x = 14 – y

∴ x = 14 – 5 Or x = 9

 Hence, x = 9 and y = 5.

(ii)

From 1st equation, we get, s = 3 + t …………………….(1)

 Now, substitute the value of s in second equation to get t ,

 (3+t)/3 + (t/2) = 6

⇒ (2(3+t) + 3t )/6 = 6

 ⇒ (6+2t+3t)/6 = 6

 ⇒ (6+5t) = 36

 ⇒5t = 30

⇒t = 6

Now, substitute the value of t in equation (1) s = 3 + 6 = 9

 Therefore, s = 9 and t = 6.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (iii)

 From 1st equation, we get, x = (3+y)/3

 Now, substitute the value of x in the given second equation to get,

9(3+y)/3 – 3y = 9

 ⇒9 +3y -3y = 9

 ⇒ 9 = 9

Therefore, y has infinite values and since, x = (3+y) /3, so x also has infinite values.

(iv)

From 1st equation, we get,

 x = (1.3- 0.3y)/0.2 ………………….(1)

Now, substitute the value of x in the given second equation to get,

 0.4(1.3-0.3y)/0.2 + 0.5y = 2.3

 ⇒2(1.3 – 0.3y) + 0.5y = 2.3

⇒ 2.6 – 0.6y + 0.5y = 2.3

⇒ 2.6 – 0.1 y = 2.3

⇒ 0.1 y = 0.3

⇒ y = 3

 Now, substitute the value of y in equation (1), we get,

x = (1.3-0.3(3))/0.2 = (1.3-0.9)/0.2 = 0.4/0.2 = 2

Therefore, x = 2 and y = 3.

(v)

From 1st equation, we get, x = – (√3/√2)y ………………………..(1)

 Putting the value of x in the given second equation to get,

 √3(-√3/√2)y – √8y = 0

 ⇒ (-3/√2)y- √8 y = 0

 ⇒ y = 0

Now, substitute the value of y in equation (1), we get, x = 0.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(vi)

From 1st equation, we get,

(3/2)x = -2 + (5y/3)

⇒ x = 2(-6+5y)/9 = (-12+10y)/9 ………………………(1)

 Putting the value of x in the given second equation to get,

 ((-12+10y)/9)/3 + y/2 = 13/6

⇒y/2 = 13/6 –( (-12+10y)/27 ) + y/2 = 13/6

substituting the value of y in equation (1), we get, (3x/2) – 5(3)/3 = -2 ⇒ (3x/2) – 5 = -2 ⇒ x = 2 Therefore, x = 2 and y = 3.

2. Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x – 4y = – 24 and hence find the value of ‘m’ for which y = mx + 3.

 Solution:

2x + 3y = 11…………………………..(I)

2x – 4y = -24………………………… (II)

 From equation (II),

 we get x = (11-3y)/2 ………………….(III)

Substituting the value of x in equation (II),we get

 2(11-3y)/2 – 4y = 24

 11 – 3y – 4y = -24 -7y = -35 y = 5……………………………………..(IV)

Putting the value of y in equation (III), we get

 x = (11-3×5)/2 = -4/2 = -2

 Hence, x = -2, y = 5

 Also, y = mx + 3 5 = -2m +3 -2m = 2 m = -1

Therefore the value of m is -1.

3. Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solution by substitution method.

 (i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find them.

 Solution:

Let the two numbers be x and y respectively, such that y > x.

 According to the question,

 y = 3x ……………… (1)

y – x = 26 …………..(2)

Substituting the value of (1) into (2), we get

 3x – x = 26 x = 13 ……………. (3)

 Substituting (3) in (1), we get

 y = 39 Hence, the numbers are 13 and 39.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them.

 Solution:

Let the larger angle by x ° and smaller angle be y ° .

We know that the sum of two supplementary pair of angles is always 180° .

 According to the question,

 x + y = 180°……………. (1)

x – y = 18°……………..(2)

 From (1), we get

x = 180° – y …………. (3)

 Substituting (3) in (2), we get

180° – y – y =18°

 162° = 2y

 y = 81o ………….. (4)

 Using the value of y in (3), we get

 x = 180° – 81° = 99°

 Hence, the angles are 99° and 81° .

 (iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs.3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs.1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.

 Solution:

 Let the cost a bat be x and cost of a ball be y.

 According to the question,

 7x + 6y = 3800 ………………. (I)

3x + 5y = 1750 ………………. (II)

 From (I), we get

 y = (3800-7x)/6………………..(III)

 Substituting (III) in (II). we get,

 3x+5(3800-7x)/6 =1750

 ⇒3x+ 9500/3 – 35x/6 = 1750

⇒3x- 35x/6 = 1750 – 9500/3

 ⇒(18x-35x)/6 = (5250 – 9500)/3

 ⇒-17x/6 = -4250/3

⇒-17x = -8500 x = 500 ……………………….. (IV)

 Substituting the value of x in (III), we get

 y = (3800-7 ×500)/6 = 300/6 = 50

 Hence, the cost of a bat is Rs 500 and cost of a ball is Rs 50.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs 155. What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?

 Solution:

 Let the fixed charge be Rs x and per km charge be Rs y.

According to the question,

x + 10y = 105 …………….. (1)

 x + 15y = 155 …………….. (2)

From (1), we get

 x = 105 – 10y ………………. (3)

Substituting the value of x in (2), we get

 105 – 10y + 15y = 155

 5y = 50 y = 10 …………….. (4)

Putting the value of y in (3), we get

 x = 105 – 10 × 10 = 5

Hence, fixed charge is Rs 5 and per km charge = Rs 10

 Charge for 25 km = x + 25y = 5 + 250 = Rs 255

 (v) A fraction becomes 9/11 , if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.

 Solution:

Let the fraction be x/y.

According to the question,

(x+2) /(y+2) = 9/11

 11x + 22 = 9y + 18

11x – 9y = -4 …………….. (1)

 (x+3) /(y+3) = 5/6

 6x + 18 = 5y +15

6x – 5y = -3 ………………. (2)

From (1), we get

x = (-4+9y)/11 …………….. (3)

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 Substituting the value of x in (2), we get

 6(-4+9y)/11 -5y = -3

 -24 + 54y – 55y = -33

 -y = -9

 y = 9 ………………… (4)

 Substituting the value of y in (3), we get

x = (-4+9×9 )/11 = 7

 Hence the fraction is 7/9.

 (vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?

 Solutions:

 Let the age of Jacob and his son be x and y respectively.

According to the question,

 (x + 5) = 3(y + 5) x – 3y = 10 …………………………………….. (1)

 (x – 5) = 7(y – 5) x – 7y = -30 ………………………………………. (2)

From (1), we get x = 3y + 10 ……………………. (3)

 Substituting the value of x in (2), we get

 3y + 10 – 7y = -30 -4y = -40 y = 10 ………………… (4)

 Substituting the value of y in (3), we get

x = 3 x 10 + 10 = 40

 Hence, the present age of Jacob’s and his son is 40 years and 10 years respectively.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

Exercise 3.4

1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method and the substitution method:

(i) x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 4

(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2

(iii) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7

(iv) x/2+ 2y/3 = -1 and x-y/3 = 3

Solutions:

(i)

 By the method of elimination.

 x + y = 5 ……………………………….. (i)

2x – 3y = 4 ……………………………..(ii)

 When the equation (i) is multiplied by 2, we get

 2x + 2y = 10 ……………………………(iii)

 When the equation (ii) is subtracted from (iii) we get,

5y = 6 y = 6/5 ………………………………………(iv)

 Substituting the value of y in eq. (i) we get,

 x=5−6/5 = 19/5

∴x = 19/5 , y = 6/5

 By the method of substitution.

 From the equation (i), we get:

 x = 5 – y………………………………….. (v)

When the value is put in equation (ii) we get,

2(5 – y) – 3y = 4

 -5y = -6

 y = 6/5

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

When the values are substituted in equation (v),

 we get: x =5− 6/5 = 19/5

 ∴x = 19/5 ,y = 6/5.

(ii)

By the method of elimination. 3x + 4y = 10……………………….(i)

 2x – 2y = 2 ………………………. (ii)

 When the equation (i) and (ii) is multiplied by 2, we get:

4x – 4y = 4 ………………………..(iii)

When the Equation (i) and (iii) are added, we get:

 7x = 14

 x = 2 ……………………………….(iv)

Substituting equation (iv) in (i) we get,

 6 + 4y = 10

 4y = 4

 y = 1

Hence, x = 2 and y = 1

 By the method of Substitution From equation (ii) we get,

 x = 1 + y……………………………… (v)

Substituting equation (v) in equation (i) we get,

3(1 + y) + 4y = 10

7y = 7

y = 1

 When y = 1 is substituted in equation (v) we get,

 x= 1 + 1 = 2

Therefore, x = 2 and y = 1

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(iii)

 By the method of elimination:

 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 ………………………………… (i)

9x = 2y + 7

9x – 2y – 7 = 0 …………………………………(ii)

 When the equation (i) and (iii) is multiplied we get,

 9x – 15y – 12 = 0 ………………………………(iii)

When the equation (iii) is subtracted from equation (ii) we get,

13y = -5

y = -5/13 ………………………………………….(iv)

 When equation (iv) is substituted in equation (i) we get,

 3x +25/13 −4=0

3x = 27/13

 x =9/13

 ∴x = 9/13 and y = -5/13

By the method of Substitution:

 From the equation (i) we get,

x = (5y+4)/3 …………………………………………… (v)

Putting the value (v) in equation (ii) we get,

9(5y+4)/3 −2y −7=0

13y = -5

y = -5/13

 Substituting this value in equation (v) we get,

 x = (5(-5/13)+4)/3

 x = 9/13

∴x = 9/13, y = -5/13

 (iv)

 By the method of Elimination.

3x + 4y = -6 …………………………. (i)

x-y/3 = 3

3x – y = 9 ……………………………. (ii)

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 When the equation (ii) is subtracted from equation (i) we get,

 -5y = -15

 y = 3 ………………………………….(iii)

When the equation (iii) is substituted in (i) we get,

 3x – 12 = -6

3x = 6

 x = 2

Hence, x = 2 , y = -3

 By the method of Substitution:

 From the equation (ii) we get,

x = (y+9)/3…………………………………(v)

 Putting the value obtained from equation (v) in equation (i) we get,

 3(y+9)/3 +4y =−6

 5y = -15

 y = -3

 When y = -3 is substituted in equation (v) we get,

 x = (-3+9)/3 = 2

 Therefore, x = 2 and y = -3 2.

2. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions (if they exist) by the elimination method:

(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It becomes 𝟏 𝟐 if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction?

Solution:

Let the fraction be a/b

 According to the given information,

(a+1)/(b-1) = 1 => a – b = -2 ………………………………..(i)

 a/(b+1) = 1/2 => 2a-b = 1…………………………………(ii)

 When equation (i) is subtracted from equation (ii) we get,

 a = 3 …………………………………………………..(iii)

When a = 3 is substituted in equation (i) we get,

3 – b = -2

 -b = -5

 b = 5

 Hence, the fraction is 3/5.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?

 Solution:

Let us assume, present age of Nuri is x And present age of Sonu is y.

According to the given condition, we can write as;

 x – 5 = 3(y – 5)

x – 3y = -10…………………………………..(1)

Now, x + 10 = 2(y +10)

x – 2y = 10…………………………………….(2)

Subtract eq. 1 from 2, to get, y = 20 ………………………………………….(3)

Substituting the value of y in eq.1, we get,

 => x – 3X20 = -10

 x – 60 = -10

 x = 50

Therefore, Age of Nuri is 50 years Age of Sonu is 20 years.

 (iii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.

 Solution:

Let the unit digit and tens digit of a number be x and y respectively.

 Then, Number (n) = 10B + A N after reversing order of the digits = 10A + B

 According to the given information,

 A + B = 9…………………….(i)

9(10B + A) = 2(10A + B)

 88 B – 11 A = 0

 -A + 8B = 0 ………………………………………………………….. (ii)

 Adding the equations (i) and (ii) we get

9B = 9

 B = 1……………………………………………………………………….(3)

Substituting this value of B, in the equation (i) we get A= 8

Hence the number (N) is 10B + A = 10 x 1 +8 = 18

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (iv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs.2000. She asked the cashier to give her Rs.50 and Rs.100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of Rs.50 and Rs.100 she received.

 Solution:

 Let the number of Rs.50 notes be A and the number of Rs.100 notes be B

 According to the given information,

A + B = 25 ……………………………………………………………………….. (i)

 50A + 100B = 2000 ………………………………………………………………(ii)

When equation (i) is multiplied with (ii) we get,

 50A + 50B = 1250 …………………………………………………………………..(iii)

Subtracting the equation (iii) from the equation (ii) we get,

 50B = 750

 B = 15

 Substituting in the equation (i) we get,

 A = 10

Hence, Manna has 10 notes of Rs.50 and 15 notes of Rs.100.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (v) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs.27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs.21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.

 Solution:

 Let the fixed charge for the first three days be Rs.A and the charge for each day extra be Rs.B.

According to the information given,

 A + 4B = 27 …………………………………….…………………………. (i)

A + 2B = 21 ……………………………………………………………….. (ii)

 When equation (ii) is subtracted from equation (i) we get,

 2B = 6

B = 3 …………………………………………………………………………(iii)

Substituting B = 3 in equation (i) we get,

A + 12 = 27

 A = 15

 Hence, the fixed charge is Rs.15 And the Charge per day is Rs.3.

Exercise 3.5

1. Which of the following pairs of linear equations has unique solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it by using cross multiplication method.

(i) x – 3y – 3 = 0 and 3x – 9y – 2 = 0

(ii) 2x + y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 8

(iii) 3x – 5y = 20 and 6x – 10y = 40

(iv) x – 3y – 7 = 0 and 3x – 3y – 15 = 0

Solutions:

 (i)

 a1/a2=1/3 , b1/b2= -3/-9 =1/3, c1/c2=-3/-2 = 3/2

(a1/a2) = (b1/b2) ≠ (c1/c2)

 Since, the given set of lines are parallel to each other they will not intersect each other and therefore there is no solution for these equations.

 (ii)

 a1/a2 = 2/3 , b1/b2 = 1/2 , c1/c2 = -5/-8

(a1/a2) ≠ (b1/b2)

Since they intersect at a unique point these equations will have a unique solution by cross multiplication method: x/(b1c2-c1b2) = y/(c1a2 – c2a=) = 1/(a1b2-a2b1)

 x/(-8-(-10)) = y/(15+16) = 1/(4-3)

 x/2 = y/1 = 1

∴ x = 2 and y =1

(iii)

 (a1/a2) = 3/6 = 1/2 (b1/b2) = -5/-10 = 1/2 (c1/c2) = 20/40 = 1/2

a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2

Since the given sets of lines are overlapping each other there will be infinite number of solutions for this pair of equation.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(iv)

 (a1/a2) = 1/3 (b1/b2) = -3/-3 = 1 (c1/c2) = -7/-15

a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2

Since this pair of lines are intersecting each other at a unique point, there will be a unique solution.

 By cross multiplication,

 x/(45-21) = y/(-21+15) = 1/(-3+9)

 x/24 = y/ -6 = 1/6

 x/24 = 1/6 and y/-6 = 1/6

 ∴ x = 4 and y = 1.

 2. (i) For which values of a and b does the following pair of linear equations have an infinite number of solutions? 2x + 3y = 7 (a – b) x + (a + b) y = 3a + b – 2

 (ii) For which value of k will the following pair of linear equations have no solution? 3x + y = 1 (2k – 1) x + (k – 1) y = 2k + 1

Solution:

(i) 3y + 2x -7 =0

 (a + b)y + (a-b)y – (3a + b -2) = 0

 a1/a2 = 2/(a-b) , b1/b2 = 3/(a+b) , c1/c2 = -7/-(3a + b -2)

 For infinitely many solutions,

 a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2

Thus 2/(a-b) = 7/(3a+b– 2)

6a + 2b – 4 = 7a – 7b

a – 9b = -4 ……………………………….(i)

 2/(a-b) = 3/(a+b)

2a + 2b = 3a – 3b

 a – 5b = 0 ……………………………….….(ii)

Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

 4b = 4

 b =1

Substituting this eq. in (ii), we get

 a -5 x 1= 0

 a = 5

 Thus at a = 5 and b = 1

the given equations will have infinite solutions.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(ii)

3x + y -1 = 0

 (2k -1)x + (k-1)y – 2k -1 = 0

 a1/a2 = 3/(2k -1) , b1/b2 = 1/(k-1), c1/c2 = -1/(-2k -1) = 1/( 2k +1)

 For no solutions a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2

 3/(2k-1) = 1/(k -1) ≠ 1/(2k +1)

3/(2k –1) = 1/(k -1)

 3k -3 = 2k –1

 k =2

 Therefore, for k = 2 the given pair of linear equations will have no solution.

3. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution and cross-multiplication methods: 8x + 5y = 9 3x + 2y = 4

Solution:

 8x + 5y = 9 …………………..(1)

3x + 2y = 4 ……………….….(2)

 From equation (2) we get x = (4 – 2y )/ 3 ……………………. (3)

Using this value in equation 1, we get

8(4-2y)/3 + 5y = 9

32 – 16y +15y = 27

 -y = -5

y = 5 ……………………………….(4)

 Using this value in equation (2), we get

 3x + 10 = 4

 x = -2

Thus, x = -2 and y = 5.

Now, Using Cross Multiplication method:

 8x +5y – 9 = 0

 3x + 2y – 4 = 0

 x/(-20+18) = y/(-27 + 32 ) = 1/(16-15)

 -x/2 = y/5 =1/1

 ∴ x = -2 and y =5.

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 4. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their solutions (if they exist) by any algebraic method:

(i) A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 20 days she has to pay Rs.1000 as hostel charges whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays Rs.1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.

 (ii) A fraction becomes 1/3 when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes 1/4 when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction.

 (iii) Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many questions were there in the test?

(iv) Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?

(v) The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is reduced by 5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by 67 square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.

Solutions:

 (i) Let x be the fixed charge and y be the charge of food per day.

 According to the question,

 x + 20y = 1000……………….. (i)

 x + 26y = 1180………………..(ii)

Subtracting (i) from (ii) we get

6y = 180

 y = Rs.30

Using this value in equation (ii) we get

 x = 1180 -26 * 30

 x= Rs.400.

Therefore, fixed charges is Rs.400 and charge per day is Rs.30.

 (ii) Let the fraction be x/y.

So, as per the question given,

 (x -1)/y = 1/3

=> 3x – y = 3…………………(1)

 x/(y + 8) = 1/4

=> 4x –y =8 ………………..(2)

 Subtracting equation (1) from (2) , we get

 x = 5 ………………………………………….(3)

Using this value in equation (2), we get,

(4×5)– y = 8

y= 12

 Therefore, the fraction is 5/12.

 (iii) Let the number of right answers is x and number of wrong answers be y

 According to the given question;

3x−y=40……..(1)

 4x−2y=50

⇒2x−y=25…….(2)

 Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get;

 x = 15 ….….(3)

Putting this in equation (2), we obtain;

30 – y = 25 Or y = 5

Therefore, number of right answers = 15 and number of wrong answers = 5

Hence, total number of questions = 20

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

(iv) Let the speed of 1st car and 2nd car be u km/h and v km/h respectively.

According to the given information,

When the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours.

Therefore, distance travelled by 1st car =5ukm

and distance travelled by 2nd car =5vkm

5u−5v=100

5(u−v)=100

u−v=20…(1)

When the cars travel towards each other at different speeds, they meet in 1 hour

therefore, distance travelled by 1st car =ukm

and distance travelled by 2nd car =vkm

u+v=100…(2)

Adding both the equations, we obtain

2u=120

u=60

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

60+v=100

v=40

Equations are u−v=20 and u+v=100 where the speed of 1st car and 2nd car be u km/h and v km/h respectively.

Hence, speed of the 1st car =60km/h and speed of the 2nd car =40km/h

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (v) Let, The length of rectangle = x unit And breadth of the rectangle = y unit

Now, as per the question given,

 (x – 5) (y + 3) = xy -9

3x – 5y – 6 = 0……………………………(1)

 (x + 3) (y + 2) = xy + 67

 2x + 3y – 61 = 0…………………………..(2)

 Using cross multiplication method, we get,

 x/(305 +18) = y/(-12+183) = 1/(9+10)

x/323 = y/171 = 1/19

Therefore, x = 17 and y = 9.

 Hence, the length of rectangle = 17 units And breadth of the rectangle = 9 units.

Exercise 3.6

1. Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations:

 (i) 1/2x + 1/3y = 2

      1/3x + 1/2y = 13/6

 Solution:

Let us assume 1/x = m and 1/y = n ,

then the equation will change as follows.

 m/2 + n/3 = 2

 ⇒ 3m+2n-12 = 0…………………….(1)

m/3 + n/2 = 13/6

 ⇒ 2m+3n-13 = 0……………………….(2)

 Now, using cross-multiplication method, we get,

 m/(-26-(-36) ) = n/(-24-(-39)) = 1/(9-4)

 m/10 = n/15 = 1/5

m/10 = 1/5 and n/15 = 1/5

So, m = 2 and n = 3

 1/x = 2 and 1/y = 3

 x = 1/2 and y = 1/3

 (ii)2/√x + 3/√y = 2

     4/√x + 9/√y = -1

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

Solution:

 Substituting 1/√x = m and 1/√y = n in the given equations, we get

 2m + 3n = 2 ………………………..(i)

4m – 9n = -1 ………………………(ii)

 Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we get

 6m + 9n = 6 ………………….…..(iii)

 Adding equation (ii) and (iii), we get

 10m = 5

 m = 1/2…………………………….…(iv)

 Now by putting the value of ‘m’ in equation (i), we get

2×1/2 + 3n = 2

3n = 1

 n = 1/3

m =1/√x

 ½ = 1/√x

 x = 4

 n = 1/√y

1/3 = 1/√y

 y = 9

 Hence, x = 4 and y = 9

(iii) 4/x + 3y = 14

     3/x -4y = 23

 Solution:

 Putting 1/𝑥 = 𝑚 in the given equation we get,

So, 4m + 3y = 14

 => 4m + 3y – 14 = 0 ……………..…..(1)

 3m – 4y = 23

 => 3m – 4y – 23 = 0 ……………………….(2)

 By cross-multiplication, we get,

 m/(-69-56) = y/(-42-(-92)) = 1/(-16-9)

 -m/125 = y/50 = -1/ 25

 -m/125 = -1/25 and y/50 = -1/25

 m = 5 and b = -2 m = 1/x = 5

 So , x = 1/5 y = -2

(iv) 5/(x-1) + 1/(y-2) = 2

      6/(x-1) – 3/(y-2) = 1

Solution:

Substituting 1/(x-1) = m and 1/(y-2) = n in the given equations, we get,

 5m + n = 2 …………………………(i)

 6m – 3n = 1 ……………………….(ii)

Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we get

15m + 3n = 6 …………………….(iii)

Adding (ii) and (iii) we get

 21m = 7

 m = 1/3

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 Putting this value in equation (i), we get

5×1/3 + n = 2

n = 2- 5/3 = 1/3

 m = 1/ (x-1)

⇒ 1/3 = 1/(x-1)

 ⇒ x = 4

 n = 1/(y-2)

 ⇒ 1/3 = 1/(y-2)

 ⇒ y = 5

Hence, x = 4 and y = 5

 (v) (7x-2y)/ xy = 5

      (8x + 7y)/xy = 15

 Solution:

(7x-2y)/ xy = 5

7/y – 2/x = 5…………………………..(i)

(8x + 7y)/xy = 15

8/y + 7/x = 15…………………………(ii)

Substituting 1/x =m in the given equation we get,

 – 2m + 7n = 5

 => -2 + 7n – 5 = 0 ……..(iii)

 7m + 8n = 15

=> 7m + 8n – 15 = 0 ……(iv)

 By cross-multiplication method, we get,

 m/(-105-(-40)) = n/(-35-30) = 1/(-16-49)

 m/(-65) = n/(-65) = 1/(-65)

 m/-65 = 1/-65

 m = 1

 n/(-65) = 1/(-65)

 n = 1

 m = 1 and n = 1

m = 1/x = 1

 n = 1/x = 1

Therefore, x = 1 and y = 1

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (vi) 6x + 3y = 6xy

       2x + 4y = 5xy

 Solution:

 6x + 3y = 6xy

6/y + 3/x = 6

Let 1/x = m and 1/y = n

=> 6n +3m = 6

=>3m + 6n-6 = 0…………………….(i)

2x + 4y = 5xy

=> 2/y + 4/x = 5

=> 2n +4m = 5

or, 4m+2n-5 = 0……………………..(ii)

 3m + 6n – 6 = 0

4m + 2n – 5 = 0

By cross-multiplication method, we get

 m/(-30 –(-12)) = n/(-24-(-15)) = 1/(6-24)

 m/-18 = n/-9 = 1/-18

 m/-18 = 1/-18

m = 1

 n/-9 = 1/-18

 n = 1/2

m = 1 and n = ½

 m = 1/x = 1 and n = 1/y = ½

 x = 1 and y = 2

 Hence, x = 1 and y = 2

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 (vii) 10/(x+y) + 2/(x-y) = 4

        15/(x+y) – 5/(x-y) = -2

 Solution:

Substituting 1/x+y = m and 1/x-y = n in the given equations, we get,

 10m + 2n = 4

 => 10m + 2n – 4 = 0 ………………..…..(i)

 15m – 5n = -2

=> 15m – 5n + 2 = 0 ……………………..(ii)

 Using cross-multiplication method, we get,

 m/(4-20) = n/(-60-(20)) = 1/(-50 -30)

 m/-16 = n/-80 = 1/-80

 m/-16 = 1/-80 and n/-80 = 1/-80

 m = 1/5 and n = 1

m = 1/(x+y) = 1/5

 x+y = 5 …………………………………………(iii)

 n = 1/(x-y) = 1

 x-y = 1……………………………………………(iv)

 Adding equation (iii) and (iv), we get

2x = 6

 => x = 3 …….(v)

Putting the value of x = 3 in equation (3), we get

 y = 2

Hence, x = 3 and y = 2

 (viii) 1/(3x+y) + 1/(3x-y) = ¾

          1/2(3x+y) – 1/2(3x-y) = -1/8

 Solution:

Substituting 1/(3x+y) = m and 1/(3x-y) = n in the given equations, we get,

 m + n = 3/4 …………………………….…… (1)

 m/2 – n/2 = -1/8

 m – n = -1/4 …………………………..…(2)

 Adding (1) and (2), we get

 2m = 3/4 – ¼

 2m = 1/2

Putting in (2), we get 1/4 – n = -¼

n = 1/4 + 1/4 = ½

 m = 1/(3x+y) = 1/4

3x + y = 4 …………………………………(3)

 n = 1/( 3x-y) = ½

 3x – y = 2 ………………………………(4)

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 Adding equations (3) and (4), we get

 6x = 6 x = 1 ……………………………….(5)

 Putting in (3), we get

3(1) + y = 4

 y = 1

Hence, x = 1 and y = 1

2. Formulate the following problems as a pair of equations, and hence find their solutions:

(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the current.

 (ii) 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4 days, while 3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the work, and also that taken by 1 man alone.

 (iii) Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the remaining by bus. If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.

Solutions:

 (i) Let us consider, Speed of Ritu in still water = x km/hr Speed of Stream = y km/hr

Now, speed of Ritu during,

 Downstream = x + y km/h

 Upstream = x – y km/h

As per the question given,

2(x+y) = 20 Or x + y = 10……………………….(1)

 And, 2(x-y) = 4 Or x – y = 2………………………(2)

Adding both the eq.1 and 2, we get

, 2x = 12

 x = 6

 Putting the value of x in eq.1, we get,

 y = 4

Therefore, Speed of Ritu rowing in still water = 6 km/hr

Speed of Stream = 4 km/hr

 (ii)

Let us consider,

 Number of days taken by women to finish the work = x

 Number of days taken by men to finish the work = y

Work done by women in one day = 1/x

Work done by women in one day = 1/y

 As per the question given, 4(2/x + 5/y) = 1 (2/x + 5/y) = 1/4

And, 3(3/x + 6/y) = 1 (3/x + 6/y) = 1/3

 Now, put 1/x=m and 1/y=n, we get,

 2m + 5n = ¼

 => 8m + 20n = 1…………………(1)

 3m + 6n =1/3

=> 9m + 18n = 1………………….(2)

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 Now, by cross multiplication method, we get here

, m/(20-18) = n/(9-8) = 1/ (180-144)

m/2 = n/1 = 1/36

m/2 = 1/36

m = 1/18

m = 1/x = 1/18

or x = 18

 n = 1/y = 1/36

 y = 36

Therefore, Number of days taken by women to finish the work = 18

 Number of days taken by men to finish the work = 36.

 (iii)

 Let us consider,

Speed of the train = x km/h

Speed of the bus = y km/h

According to the given question,

 60/x + 240/y = 4 …………………(1)

 100/x + 200/y = 25/6 …………….(2)

 Put 1/x=m and 1/y=n, in the above two equations;

 60m + 240n = 4……………………..(3)

 100m + 200n = 25/6

 600m + 1200n = 25 ………………….(4)

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.

 Multiply eq.3 by 10, to get,

600m + 2400n = 40 ……………………(5)

 Now, subtract eq.4 from 5, to get,

 1200n = 15

 n = 15/1200 = 1/80

Substitute the value of n in eq. 3, to get,

60m + 3 = 4

 m = 1/60

m = 1/x = 1/60

 x = 60 And y = 1/n

 y = 80

Therefore, Speed of the train = 60 km/h

Speed of the bus = 80 km/h

YOU ARE READING: NCERT Solutions For Class 10 CBSE Mathematics Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables.