WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9

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WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9

Extra questions with answers.

1 . Choose the correct options:-

a . The Brahmo Samaj was established by:-

1 . Raja Rammohun Roy.

2 . Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar.

3 . Dayanand Saraswati.

4 . Vivekananda.

Ans: 1 . Raja Rammohun Roy.

b . The practice of Sati was banned in the year

1 . 1800.

2 . 1821.

3 . 1827.

4 . 1829.

Ans: 4 . 1829.

c . A Widow home was established at Poona by

1 . Tarabai Shinde.

2 . Pandita Ramabai.

3 . Mumtaz Ali.

4 . Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain.

YOU ARE READING: WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9

Ans: 2 . Pandita Ramabai.

d . Periyar started the

1 . Self-respect movement.

2 . Temple entry movement.

3 . Paramhans movement.

4 . Dalit movement.

Ans: 1 . Self-respect movement.

e . The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental college was opened by

1 . Khizr Khan.

2 . Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad.

3 . Sayyid Ahmed Khan.

4 . Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Ans: 3 . Sayyid Ahmed Khan.

2 . Fill in the blanks:-

a . According to the Child Marriage Restraint Act women below the age of ____ and men below the age of _____ could not marry.

Ans: 16 , 18.

b . Tarabai Shinde published a book called_____________.

Ans: Stripurushtulna.

c . _________ were important untouchable caste who were experts at cleaning hides, tanning them and sewing sandals.

Ans: Madigas.

d . Raja Rammohun Roy was well versed in ________ , ________ and several other Indian and European languages.

Ans: Sanskrit, Persian.

e . In _____, Jyotirao Phule wrote a book named _________.

Ans: 1873, Gulamgiri.

YOU ARE READING: WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9

3 . Match the following:-

a . The Prarthana Samaj.            –                Madras.

b . The Veda Samaj.                   –                Calcutta.

c . The Singh Sabhas.                 –                Bombay.

d . The Brahmo Samaj.               –                 Aligarh.

e . The Aligarh Movement.          –                  Amritsar.

Ans:

a . The Prarthana Samaj.                 –                    Bombay.

b . The Veda Samaj.                         –                    Madras.

c . The Singh Sabhas.                       –                   Amritsar.

d . The Brahmo Samaj.                    –                   Calcutta.

e . The Aligarh Movement.               –                     Aligarh.

4 . State whether the following statements are true or false:-

a . Raja Rammohun Roy founded the Arya Samaj in 1875.

Ans: false.

b . Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar strongly criticized widow remarriage.

Ans: false.

c . The Arya Samaj was an association that attempted to reform Hinduism.

Ans: true.

d . Pandita Ramabai was great scholar of Sanskrit and established widow’s home at Poona.

Ans: true.

YOU ARE READING: WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9

5 . What were the changes necessary in Indian society?

Ans: Earlier, in Indian society, there were many evil practices practiced which continued for a long time. Different treatments were provided to men and women. More restrictions were posed on women as India was a male dominating country. Women were not allowed to move freely in public places, did not have any right to educate themselves, were not allowed to choose husband of their choice and were restricted within the four walls of the house.

Child Marriage was very common in Indian society. Most of the girls got married at the age of 6-7 years to men who were four times older than them. The men of all religions had the right to marry more than one girl. In some places, sati was practiced where the widows were burnt alive with their dead husbands. The widows who accepted sati were encouraged and those who did not accept sati were treated very badly by their in-laws. They were not given any rights on the property and were treated as slaves.

YOU ARE READING: WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9

The other evil practice which spread in India was caste discrimination. The Brahmins were considered the superior. People from every class did not enjoy equal status in society. The lower caste was tortured, humiliated by the upper caste. Many were declared untouchables. The upper caste always maintained a distance from the lower caste. The lower caste was not allowed to sit beside the upper caste in the classroom, were restricted to enter the temples, were not allowed to fetch water from the wells which the upper caste used.

Many arguments, debates rose regarding the evil practices from the early 19th century. New forms of communication came up spreading awareness among the masses such as books, magazines, newspapers were printed. Social reformers such as Raja Rammohun Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Jyotirao Phule raised their voices against the evil practices to improve the thinking of the people of the Indian society and to stop those cruel practices.

6 . How did women involve themselves in the upliftment?

Ans: By the end of the 19th century, Indian women protested against the injustice done to them. They started asking for their rights. Many women started to educate themselves either in schools or at home. Tarabai Shinde was one of them who gathered knowledge from home. She published a book called “Stripurushtulna” which meant a comparison between men and women. Another example woman was Pandita Ramabai. She was a scholar of Sanskrit. She was a strong opponent against the injustice done to the women. And she published books that consisted of the unhappy life of the upper-class women. She also established a widow home at Poona to support the widows who were treated badly.

During the 20th century, Muslim women also started raising their voices. The Begum of Bhopal and Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain played an important role in spreading education among Muslim girls. Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain criticized the conservative thinking of the people who considered women inferior to men. She started many schools in Patna and Calcutta.

By the 1880s, Indian women started to enter universities. Some became teachers, writers, doctors, etc. The women started uplifting themselves but these were not well approved by the orthodox people. They thought that women started adopting Western ways which would make them disobey the rules and regulations that were set up for the women in the ancient texts.

YOU ARE READING: WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9

7 . What did Raja Rammohun Roy do to end the practice of Sati?

Ans: Raja Rammohun Roy was one of the great social reformers. He spoke up for the rights of the women and opposed against the cruel practices that crippled the Indian society during that time. He is  mainly remembered for his struggles for the abolition of Sati. Rammohun Roy felt that burning the widows with their husbands did not make any sense as the widows too had the right to live their own life. He established the Brahmo Samaj in Calcutta. He believed that women should be given equal rights that were given to men.

Rammohun Roy was well educated. He knew different languages like Sanskrit, Persian, etc. Moreover, he wrote many petitions for the abolition of Sati. He also went through the ancient texts and argued that there was no punishment mentioned in the sacred texts for not accepting sati. At that time, the British too criticized many Indian customs, and hence, they became interested to hear Rammohun Roy’s point of view. Finally, in 1829, the British government passed the “Abolition of Sati Act” and sati was considered illegal.

8 . Describe briefly about the movements that spread in different parts of the country regarding the Widow Remarriage act.

Ans: Earlier , the widows were not allowed to live their life . They were not given any rights and were treated as slaves. Many reformers came up to support the widows.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar used the ancient texts as his weapon to argue that widows had the right to remarry. His suggestions were well accepted by the British government and the Widow Remarriage Act was passed in the year 1856. This movement spread in many parts of the country. In the 19th century, Veerasalingam Pantulu, in the Madras area found an association in favor of the movement. From Bombay, many reformers came up to work for the movement. Swami Dayanand Saraswati found the Arya  Samaj in the north which encouraged the Widow Remarriage act.

But these movement were not well accepted by masses and hence the number of widows who remarried remained low.

YOU ARE READING: WOMEN, CASTE, AND REFORM (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-9