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Extra questions with answers.
1 . Choose the correct option:-
a . One of the most important Indian Ports of 17th century.
1 . Bombay.
2 . Madras.
3 . Surat.
4 . Vishakhapatnam.
Ans: 3 . Surat.
b . Bandanna patterns were mostly produced in
1 . Rajasthan and Gujarat.
2 . Rajasthan and Orissa.
3 . Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
4 . Chhattisgarh and West Bengal.
YOU ARE READING: WEAVERS, IRON SMELTERS, AND FACTORY OWNERS (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-7
Ans: 1 . Rajasthan and Gujarat.
c . The job of rangrez was to
1 . Weave cloth.
2 . Dye thread.
3 . Transport goods to the market.
4 . Spin thread on the charkha.
Ans: 2 . Dye thread.
d . The first cotton mill in India was developed in
1 . Gujarat.
2 . Bombay.
3 . Madras.
4 . West Bengal.
Ans: 2 . Bombay.
e . Wootz steel was produced in
1 . South India.
2 . North India.
3 . Central India.
4 . North-east India.
Ans: 1 . South India.
YOU ARE READING: WEAVERS, IRON SMELTERS, AND FACTORY OWNERS (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-7
2 . Fill in the blanks:-
a . The cotton textiles which the Portuguese took back to Europe along with the spices came to be known as ___________.
Ans: calico.
b . The ____________ was invented by John Kaye which increased the traditional spindles.
Ans: spinning jenny.
c . Indian wootz steel fascinated __________ scientist.
Ans: European.
d . The TISCO is situated on the banks of river ___________.
Ans: Subarnarekha.
e . ____________ and ___________ emerged as important new centers of weaving in late 19th century.
Ans: Sholapur and Madurai.
3 . State whether the following statements are true or false:-
a . From 1850s , Britain came to be known as the workshop of the world.
Ans: true.
b . The invention of spinning jenny and steam engine revolutionized cotton textile weaving in England.
Ans: true.
c . European trading companies purchased Indian clothes by importing diamonds.
Ans: false.
d . The TISCO began to produce steel after the First World War.
Ans: false.
e . Men usually involved in the work of spinning.
Ans: false.
YOU ARE READING: WEAVERS, IRON SMELTERS, AND FACTORY OWNERS (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-7
4 . How were Indian textiles viewed in the world market?
Ans: Before the British came to Bengal during 1750s , India was the biggest producer of cotton textiles. Indian cotton textiles was famous all over the world for it’s excellent quality and authenticity. Those fabrics were exported almost in every corners of the world specially in South-east Asia like in Java, Sumatra and Penang. During 16th century, the European trading companies such as the Dutch, the French etc. started buying Indian fabrics to sell them in Europe. In the year 1730, the East India Company sent officials to order huge number of cotton textiles. As per the records , in that year nearly 5,89,000 pieces of clothes were ordered. Indian textiles industries produced approximately 98 types of cotton and silk clothes. Some of them are “chintz”, “ bandanna”, “cossaes” etc. Those clothes were famous because of their elegant and colorful floral prints. People from middle class to upper class along with the Queen preferred wearing Indian fabrics. Hence during that time Indian textiles flourished all over the world.
5 . How did the invention of the spinning jenny and steam engine revolutionize cotton textile weaving in England?
Ans: By the increasing popularity of Indian textiles, the weavers of England faced problems. They started to protest against the import of Indian fabrics. So , the government passed an act in 1720 known as the Calico Act which prohibited the import of Indian cotton clothes specially “ chintz” in England. But still they couldn’t suppress the supply of Indian textiles in other countries. This led to the invention of modern technologies in England.
John Kaye in the year 1764, invented the spinning jenny which increased the production of the traditional pivot. On the other hand, in the year 1786, Richard Arkwright invented the steam engine which revolutionized cotton textile weaving in England. Using these technologies, the weavers were able to weave a huge amount of cloth in just no time. They also produced fine quality cloth at a very cheap rate. These inventions helped them to exist in the textile market. The Indian weavers were not able to compete with the growing speed and it slowly declined.
YOU ARE READING: WEAVERS, IRON SMELTERS, AND FACTORY OWNERS (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-7
6 . Why the handloom production did not completely die in India?
Ans: The cotton mills in England grew in a high speed which was a major cause of problem for the Indian cotton textiles . Heavy taxes were imposed on Indian goods . In many places import of Indian products were banned. The Indian laborers were thrown out of their job . After facing such difficulty , the Indian weavers became distressed and gave up on weaving. But the handloom weaving did not die completely.
The reason behind this is that all the clothes could not be made with the help of machines. The machines were unable to produce complicated borders with traditional weaving patterns. Those designs were in high demand among the masses. The Britain manufacturers were unable to produce such delicate designs.
In the late 19th century, Sholapur in Western India and Madurai in South India rose as new centers for handloom weaving. With the support of Mahatma Gandhi, the Indians started using hand-spun and hand-woven clothes and banned the imported textiles. Khadi became the symbol of nationalism and charkha was placed at the center of the tricolor flag of the Indian National Congress in 1931.