RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE TEXTBOOK (NCERT) Extra Questions And Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-3

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RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE TEXTBOOK (NCERT) Extra Questions And Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-3

Extra questions with answers.

1 . State whether the following statements are true or false:-

a . Holt Mackenzie devised the Mahalwari system.

Ans: true.

b . There was no increase in proportion of indigo cultivation in Bengal since 1788.

Ans: false.

 c . Gandhiji led the Champaran movement.

Ans: true.

d . After the “Blue rebellion” indigo production still continued in Bengal.

Ans: false.

e . The planters did not allow the indigo cultivators to grow any other crop except indigo.

Ans: true.

YOU ARE READING: RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE TEXTBOOK (NCERT) Extra Questions And Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-3

2 . Fill in the blanks:-

a . The two main systems of Indigo cultivation were _______ and ______.

Ans: nij and ryoti .

b . ____________ introduced the permanent settlement in 1793.

Ans: Charles Cornwallis.

c . On __________ the East India Company was appointed as Diwan of Bengal.

Ans: 12 August , 1765.

d . By the late 18th century the company was trying to establish _______ and _______ cultivation.

Ans: opium and indigo.

e . The planters shifted to _______ after the collapse of indigo production in Bengal.

Ans: Bihar.

YOU ARE READING: RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE TEXTBOOK (NCERT) Extra Questions And Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-3

3. Give an account of the “Blue Rebellion act”.

Ans: The peasants of Bengal were forced to cultivate indigo on half of their lands by the planter’s. They were very low paid instead of their hard labor. Except indigo no other crop was allowed to be cultivated . The peasants did not see any profit in indigo cultivation but still they were forcibly made to cultivate indigo.

The frustrated and furious cultivators in 1859 led a mass uprising movement in which the peasants of Bengal refused to grow indigo in their lands . With time, the peasants also refused to pay land revenue imposed on them. They became so violent that they attacked and destroyed many indigo factories established in Bengal. Not only men but also women played an important role. They used the kitchen appliances to attack the planters. The planters were beaten up badly when they demanded the revenue.

In 1859, the zamindars whose lands were taken forcibly by the planters supported the ryots. After the uprising of 1857, the Company was not ready for another uprising movement. After seeing the rebellion magistrate Ashley Eden declared that indigo need not be cultivated as stated by Queen Victoria.

The government never saw such an uprising after the uprising of 1857. The government appointed special military forces to protect the planters. When the situation went out of control , the Company introduced the Indigo Commission. It clearly declared that the ryots can refuse to cultivate indigo as it was not profitable for them. After this rebellion indigo cultivation collapsed in Bengal. But it moved towards Bihar where the same situation arrived which led to the Champaran movement in 1917.

YOU ARE READING: RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE TEXTBOOK (NCERT) Extra Questions And Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-3

4 . What were the problems with nij cultivation?

Ans: Nij cultivation is the way of cultivation in which the planters can grow indigo in those lands which were under his control . They could heir ryots for the indigo cultivation. But there were many problems with the nij cultivation those are as follows:-

  • Indigo cultivation needed a vast area with fertile soil. The planters found it very difficult to find such large area for cultivation.
  • Indigo cultivation needed many laborers but they were busy in cultivation of rice so they did not want themselves to get indulged in indigo cultivation.
  • Moreover, nij cultivation needed a number of ploughs and bullock. Like two bigha of land needed four ploughs that is double the number. Maintenance of ploughs was a big issue.
  • Bullocks were  not available as the peasants engaged them in rice cultivation.

So , only 25 percent of the land was utilized under nij cultivation for the production of indigo.