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Extra questions with answers.
1 . Choose the correct options:-
a . Which one is the subject of the State list?
1 . Education.
2 . Defense.
3 . Forests.
4 . Agriculture.
Ans: 1 . Education.
b . Who is called the father of Indian Constitution?
1 . Mahatma Gandhi.
2 . Jawaharlal Nehru.
3 . Vallabhbhai Patel.
4 . Bhimrao Ambedkar.
Ans: 4 . Bhimrao Ambedkar.
c . The bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for:-
1 . Marathi and Telugu speakers.
2 . Marathi and Malayalam speakers.
3 . Marathi and Gujarati speakers.
4 . Bengali and Gujarati speakers.
Ans: 4 . Bengali and Gujarati speakers.
YOU ARE READING: INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-12
d . Who was the Deputy Prime Minister of Independent India?
1 . Motilal Nehru.
2 . B.R. Ambedkar.
3 . Vallabhbhai Patel.
4 . Maulana Azad.
Ans: 3 . Vallabhbhai Patel.
2 . State whether the following statements are true or false:-
a . The Adivasis or the Schedule Tribes were not granted reservation in seats and jobs.
Ans: false.
b . Dr. B.R. Ambedkar belonged to a Marathi speaking Dalit family.
Ans: true .
c . Bridges and dams became the symbol of development in free India.
Ans: true.
d . Dharavi in Gujarat is one of the world’s largest slum.
Ans: false.
e . Nehru and Patel wanted to divide the country on the basis of language.
Ans: false.
3 . Match the following:-
a . Gandhi Sagar dam. – Chhattisgarh.
b . Bhilai Steel Plant. – Gandhiji’s follower.
c . Krishna Menon. – Madhya Pradesh.
d . Mira Behn. – Andhra Pradesh.
e . Potti Sriramulu. – Led the Indian delegation to UN.
YOU ARE READING: INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-12
Ans:
a . Gandhi Sagar dam. – Madhya Pradesh.
b . Bhilai Steel Plant. – Chhattisgarh.
c . Krishna Menon. – Led the Indian delegation to UN.
d . Mira Behn. – Gandhiji’s follower.
e . Potti Sriramulu. – Andhra Pradesh.
4 . Mention two privileges which were given to the poor and the most disadvantaged Indians by the Constitutions.
Ans: Caste inequality was a major problem in India . The poor and the other backward classes were not given much rights and many of them were considered as untouchable. For the development of India, these inequalities became an obstacle . Hence the Indian Constitution decided to give some privileges to those people. Two of them are:-
A . The practice of untouchability was banned and was considered illegal. The temples were kept open for all including the poor people and the people of backward classes who were earlier prohibited to enter the temples.
B . The backward section of the society were provided with reserved seats in legislatures as well as in jobs.
5 . Under what circumstances did the new state of Andhra Pradesh came into being?
Ans: Earlier in 1920s, the Congress leaders promised to divide the states on linguistic scale after acquiring independence. But after getting independence Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel were not ready to take the risk of dividing the states on linguistic scale as millions of people lost their lives during the partition of India and the Constitution could not afford any more losses.
The decision of the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister offended the Kannada speakers, the Malayalam speakers, the Marathi speakers as they were hoping for new provinces after independence. But the Telugu-speaking population strongly protested against this decision. They welcomed Nehru with black flags and shouted slogans “ We want Andhra”. A Veteran Gandhian named Potti Sriramulu in the month of October went on a hunger strike in the demand of Andhra. Hartals were visible in many towns. On 15 December 1952, Potti Sriramulu died as he continued his fasting for fifty-eight days. The made the people more aggressive and the riots became more dangerous. On the spread of the revolts, the Central Government was forced to accept their demand. Hence on 10 October 1953, a new state called Andhra Pradesh came into being.
YOU ARE READING: INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-12
6 . Give brief descriptions on the features of the Indian Constitution.
Ans: A written constitution was granted on 26 January 1950 . The main features of the Indian Constitution are as follows:-
A . The Indian Constitution accepted a universal adult franchise. According to it, all the citizens of India were permitted to vote at an age of 21( now 18) in the state and national elections.
B . The Constitution passed many laws which guaranteed equality among the Indians on social and economic basis.
C . Special privileges were offered to the poor and the backward classes. Firstly, the policy of untouchability was banned. The temples were open for all. Secondly, a certain percentage of seats were kept reserved for the backward classes in legislatures as well as in jobs.
D . The Constitution clearly divided the powers of the Central and the State government. The division was in the form of three lists. Firstly, the Union List under which the subjects such as taxes, defense, and foreign affairs would be controlled. Secondly, the State List with subjects such as education and health and the Concurrent list under which the subjects of forests and agriculture would be controlled.
7 . Give an account of the success and the failures of the country during the sixty-two years of its independence.
Ans: India celebrated its sixty two years of Independence on 15 August 2007. The success achieved by India during this time are as follows:-
A . The Indians are still united as one nation and this is considered a huge achievement. Many opponents thought that India would break apart because of many regions or linguistic groups and other thought it would come under military rule. However, they all were proved wrong.
B . India had its own free press and its independent judiciary.
C . Although the people spoke different languages and followed different cultures but it did not bring any obstacle to the unity of the nation.
The failures were as follows:-
A . Divisions still exist in different parts of India. The untouchables still face violence and indiscrimination. In some places, they are not allowed to fetch water from wells or enter the temples.
B . The inequality between the rich and poor have deepened in the growing time. Some people after achieving great economic development live a luxurious life while others continue to leave below the poverty line.
C . Although the Constitution provides laws for equality but those laws are not followed by all. Some people still think of themselves as superior to others.