CIVILISING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-8

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CIVILISING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-8

Extra questions with answers.

1 . Choose the correct option:-

a . The ideas of William Jones were supported by :-

1 . James Mill.

2 . Thomas Macaulay.

3 . Charles Wood.

4 . Henry Thomas Colebrooke.

Ans: 4 . Henry Thomas Colebrooke.

b . A madrasa was setup in Calcutta to promote the study of

1 . Urdu.

2 . Arabic.

3 . Ancient History of India.

4 . Muslim religion.

Ans: 2 . Arabic.

YOU ARE READING: CIVILISING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-8

c . Who attacked the Orientalists?

1 . James Mill.

2 . William Jones.

3 . Thomas Macaulay.

4 . Both (1) and (2).

Ans: 4 . Both (1) and (2).

d . William Adam toured the districts of

1 . Bihar and Orissa.

2 . Bihar and Bengal.

3 . Bengal and Rajasthan.

4 . Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.

Ans: 2 . Bihar and Bengal.

2 . Fill in the blanks:-

a . Thomas Macaulay saw India as an ___________ country which needed to be civilised.

Ans: uncivilized.

b . Many British officials thought that knowledge of the ________ was full of errors and was ___________.

Ans: East, unscientific.

c . Rabindranath Tagore started ____________ in 1901.

Ans: santiniketan .

d . There were no system of _____________ in pathshalas.

Ans: annual examination.

YOU ARE READING: CIVILISING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-8

3 . State whether the following statements are true or false:-

a . Wood’s Despatch emphasized the practical benefits of a system of European learning .

Ans: true.

b . Mahatma Gandhi never approved English education in India.

Ans: true.

c . Pathshalas followed strict rules and regulations.

Ans: false.

d . James Mill was a Scottish missionary who toured the districts of Bengal and Bihar.

Ans: false.

4 . What were the reports of William Adam regarding the education in vernacular schools?

Ans: William Adam, a Scottish missionary during 1830s had been given a task to report the Company about the educational system of the local schools. As per the orders , he toured the districts of Bengal and Bihar and found some interesting way of teaching.

In the districts of Bengal and Bihar, the local schools were called “Pathshalas”. According to Adam’s research, there were more than one lakh pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar. Each pathshala consisted of a maximum of 20 students. Sometimes the pathshalas were built up by the rich people and sometimes by the guru himself.

In the pathshalas, there was no fascination with caste or religion. Students from higher class to lower class were made to sit together and the gurus gave equal importance to every student. Pathshalas did not even have any specific infrastructure. In most of the places, it was held under a banyan tree or in temples of the village or the guru’s house. Fees of the students were taken in accordance with the income of their parents. The rich students had to pay more as compared to the poor students. The gurus taught the students orally and communicated with every student.

Adam also found that this schooling system was in favor of the local needs. For example:- During the harvesting seasons, the pathshalas remained closed as the children of the peasants worked in the field during that time. This system encouraged the children of the peasants to educate themselves. Hence, taking into consideration the following things, William Adam made a very interesting report.

YOU ARE READING: CIVILISING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-8

5 . What were the new routines and new rules imposed on the local schools after 1854?

Ans: Earlier the Company did not give much importance to the local schools as it was concerned about the introduction of higher education. But,  after 1854 the Company decided to develop the educational system of the local schools. So , the Company imposed new rules and regulations in the pathshalas.

Many Pandits were arranged by the government whose task was to look at the educational system of the pathshalas and to improve the way of teaching. The government supplied textbooks and notebooks and the gurus were asked to make timetables and take classes as per the timetable. Each student had to attend the classes regularly, appear for the annual examination, had a pay a fixed fee to the gurus, and obey the rules and regulations.

These rules were not in favor of the local needs as the students had to attend regular classes which were difficult for the children of poor peasants who had to work in the field during the harvesting seasons. So, the students became unable to attend regular classes and slowly they became unwilling to acquire knowledge. Moreover, the pathshalas were not given any government support which did not grant the new rules and regulations imposed by the government.

6 . What were Rabindranath Tagore’s view on education?

Ans: Rabindranath Tagore from his childhood hated going to school as he felt suffocating in the school . He was against the schooling system which restricted the students to think of their own . So , Rabindranath Tagore wanted to set up a school where the students could feel free , could create something new and where they could share their thoughts and feelings without any hesitation. Tagore believed in self-learning rather than learning from books . He also thought that not only the students but also the teachers should be imaginative, should be supportive and should help the students to develop their learning skills. According to him the schools setup by the British government did not allow the students to imagine things in their own way .

Tagore encouraged creative learning within nature. So, he builds up a school named “Santiniketan” ( abode of peace) 100 km away from Calcutta where the students could develop their natural creativity. Tagore was not totally against the Western education system. He encouraged Western education which suited the Indian culture. In Santiniketan, science and technology were taught along with art, music, and dance. Hence, Tagore’s view was completely different from others regarding the education system.

YOU ARE READING: CIVILISING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION (NCERT) Extra Questions and Answers of CBSE, Class 8, History Chapter-8

7 . Why according to the Company learning was important? What were the measures taken by the British Company after the Wood’s Despatch was issued?

Ans: European learning was important to develop the economy of the country. According to the British, European learning would help the Indians to know the advantages of trade and commerce. It would help the Indians to improve their resources. The British government also thought it would change the taste , art and culture of India and they would buy the things imported from Europe which could be beneficial for the Company.

The Company thought European education would make the Indians honest and improve their moral values. It could help the Indians to acquire administrative skills which were beneficial for the Company as they would get trusted, civil servants.

The measures taken by the government after the Wood’s Despatch was issued in 1854 were:-

A . Many educational institutions were set up the government to extend their powers and control on all the educational matters.

B . University’s level of education was also introduced. Many universities were set up in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. There were many steps taken to change and improve the schooling system under Wood’s Despatch.